Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China

The incentive policies of new energy vehicles substantially promoted the development electrical technology and industry in China. However, environmental impact key parameters progress on battery (BEV) is uncertain, BEV matching different lithium-ion power batteries shows burdens. This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) four phosphate (LFP), nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), titanate (LTO) batteries. In addition, 2025 2030 prediction analyses production are conducted with specially considered change density, manufacturing consumption, electricity structure, charge efficiency, vehicle lightweight level. sensitivity efficiency conducted. results show that LFP more environmentally friendly global warming potential (GWP) acidification (AP), NCM abiotic depletion (fossil) (ADP(f)) human toxicity (HTP). LTO highest among categories due to lower density. For BEV, GWP ADP(f) based LFP, NCM, LMO than those internal combustion engine (ICEV), while AP HTP higher ICEV. grave-to-cradle (GTC) phase has substantial benefit reduce emission. With improvement glider level, BEVs benefits for categories.